Background: Dengue is a rapidly emerging arboviral infection caused by four serotypes of Dengue virus (DENV-1 to DENV-4). Early molecular detection is crucial for appropriate clinical management, outbreak control, and reduction of mortality.

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of molecular methods such as RT-PCR and NS1 antigen detection for early and accurate diagnosis of dengue virus infection.

Materials & Methods: A hospital-based observational study was conducted on 200 clinically suspected dengue patients. Blood samples were analyzed using NS1 antigen ELISA, RT-PCR, and IgM/IgG ELISA. Demographic data and clinical features were correlated with laboratory findings.

Results: RT-PCR detected 72% positive cases, whereas NS1 antigen detected 65% and IgM ELISA detected 54%. RT-PCR showed highest sensitivity during first 5 days of illness. DENV-2 was the most common serotype identified.

Conclusion: Molecular detection (especially RT-PCR) is highly sensitive for early diagnosis of dengue, enabling timely treatment and improving prognosis.