Background: Emergency laparotomy is a high-risk surgical procedure with significant morbidity and mortality. Identifying preoperative and postoperative risk factors is crucial for improving patient outcomes.
Aim: To evaluate clinical, biochemical, and intraoperative risk factors associated with poor outcomes in patients undergoing emergency laparotomy.
Materials & Methods: A prospective observational study conducted over 12 months on patients undergoing emergency laparotomy. Risk factors including age, comorbidities, hemodynamic status, laboratory parameters, surgical findings, and postoperative complications were studied.
Results: Advanced age (>60 years), hypotension at admission, sepsis, high ASA grade, delayed presentation (>24 hrs), hypoalbuminemia, and multi-organ dysfunction were significantly associated with poor outcomes.
Conclusion: Early identification and optimization of high-risk patients may reduce morbidity and mortality in emergency laparotomy.